\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n yakaland\u0131klar\u0131\u00a0Hepatit A ve B vir\u00fcslerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ciddi bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00d6nlem al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde \u00e7ok ciddi karaci\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131na neden olur. \u00c7ocuklarda vir\u00fcs kaynakl\u0131 karaci\u011fer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunlar genellikle Hepatit A ve B tipi vir\u00fcslerdir ve a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Hepatit yava\u015f yava\u015f ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve kendini belli etmeyen bir \u015fekilde ba\u015flar. \u00c7ocuk yorgundur, i\u015ftah\u0131 kapan\u0131r, karn\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131r, kusar. Bazen ufak bir d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc yapar , mafsallar\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131r. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra rengi az- \u00e7ok sarar\u0131r, idrar\u0131 azd\u0131r ve \u00e7ok sar\u0131d\u0131r, kakas\u0131 ise renksizdir. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman bu belirtiler \u00e7ok hafif olur, \u00e7ocuk yaln\u0131z yorgunluktan \u015fikayet eder. Laboratuar tahlilleri te\u015fhisin konulmas\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur (Transaminaz y\u00fckselir vs.)
\nHepatit A
\nHepatit A vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu karaci\u011fer iltihaplanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hepatit B\u2019den daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr, hastal\u0131k basit bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fir, komplikasyon yapmaz. 2-3 hafta i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7er. Tedavisi dinlenmektir.<\/p>\n

Bula\u015fma: Vir\u00fcs sudan, pis yiyeceklerden , kakadan ve mide yoluyla ge\u00e7er. En \u00f6nemli tedbir her yiyece\u011fin \u00f6zenle y\u0131kanmas\u0131, ellerin temiz olmas\u0131na dikkat edilmesidir. Bir hasta ile temas edilince gamma globulin i\u011fnesi erken davran\u0131l\u0131rsa hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir. Hapatit A vir\u00fcs\u00fc belirtilerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan 2-3 hafta \u00f6nce ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n birinci haftas\u0131 boyunca enfekte ki\u015finin d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131ndan at\u0131labilir. Kan ve salg\u0131lar bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Belirtiler: Hepatit A ile ilgili belirtiler grip benzerleridir. Fakat deri ve g\u00f6zler sar\u0131 olabilir. Bunun nedeni karaci\u011ferin bilirubinini s\u00fczememesidir.<\/p>\n

Sar\u0131l\u0131k
\n\u0130\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k
\nYorgunluk
\nHafif ate\u015f
\nKoyu idrar
\nYayg\u0131n ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131
\nRenksiz veya kil rengi d\u0131\u015fk\u0131<\/p>\n

Risk fakt\u00f6rleri:
\n\u015eifa yurdu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131
\nHuzur evlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar
\nRehabilitasyon merkezlerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar
\nAilesinin bir \u00fcyesinde yeni Hepatit A enfeksiyonu bulunanlar
\nAsya,G\u00fcney ve Orta Amerika\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 veya seyahat edenler<\/p>\n

Korunma:
\nHijyene dikkat edilmelidir. Tuvaletten sonra eller y\u0131kanmal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer etkilenmemi\u015f ki\u015finin kan\u0131, d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131 veya herhangi v\u00fccut s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131yla temas edilmi\u015fse kirli alan iyice temizlenmelidir. Bu \u015fekilde vir\u00fcs ge\u00e7i\u015fi azalt\u0131labilir<\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131:
\nHepatit A a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 2 seferde 1 ay arayla yap\u0131l\u0131r. 6-12 ay i\u00e7inde de bir rapel yap\u0131l\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131 risk grubundaki insanlara tavsiye edilir: Seyahat edenler , kre\u015f personeli, mutfak personeli, ailede hastas\u0131 olanlar vs. Bebeklerde a\u015f\u0131 sistematik olarak yap\u0131lmaz ,\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hastal\u0131k zarars\u0131zd\u0131r.
\nHepatit B
\nHepatit B vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu karaci\u011fer iltihaplanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hepatit A\u2019dan daha az g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu hastal\u0131k daha tehlikelidir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kronikle\u015febilir. Kan ve cinsel yolla bula\u015f\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131, bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkede mecbur tutulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak hepatit B seks\u00fcel ge\u00e7i\u015fli hastal\u0131k olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. Hepatit B kirli , bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f kan ya da kan \u00fcr\u00fcnleriyle de bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cserum hepatiti\u201d olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Doktorlar, hem\u015fireler, acil durum personeli gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ve kan ile \u00e7ok kolay bula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in damar i\u00e7i ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 (ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131lar\u0131) hepatit B a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek risk grubu i\u00e7indedirler.<\/p>\n

Hepatit B\u2019li anneden do\u011fum \u00f6ncesinde cenine ge\u00e7i\u015f di\u011fer bir ge\u00e7i\u015f \u015feklini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hepatit B vir\u00fcs\u00fcyle bir kez enfekte olmu\u015f ki\u015filerin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 10 unda kronik kal\u0131c\u0131 enfeksiyon ( kronik ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 durum ) geli\u015fir. Bu gruptaki insanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda siroz veya karaci\u011fer kanserine g\u00f6t\u00fcren yava\u015f fakat ilerleyici karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131 geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Hepatit B uzun bir ink\u00fcbasyon ( kulu\u00e7ka d\u00f6nemi ) d\u00f6nemine sahiptir. Erken belirtiler \u00e7e\u015fitli deri d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcleri ve eklem a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olabilir. Sistemik belirtiler ate\u015f , k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131k ve kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 veya rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erebilir. Eninde sonunda g\u00f6zlerin beyaz\u0131nda ve deride sar\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale gelir. Sar\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7o\u011funlukla koyu idrar ve kil renkli (soluk renkli ) d\u0131\u015fk\u0131yla ili\u015fkilidir.<\/p>\n

Hepatit B ciddi bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r ve akut evre boyunca \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k %1\u2019dir. Rapor edilmi\u015f hepatit B oran\u0131 her 10.000 ki\u015fiden 2\u2019sindedir. Fakat bir\u00e7ok vaka belirti vermedi\u011finden, tan\u0131 konmam\u0131\u015f ve rapor edilmemi\u015f oldu\u011fundan ger\u00e7ek ( do\u011fru ) oran daha y\u00fcksek olabilir. Her 1000 hamile kad\u0131ndan biri kronik hepatit B ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hepatit B enfeksiyonu i\u00e7in en y\u00fcksek risk ta\u015f\u0131yan insanlar :<\/p>\n

Homoseks\u00fcel veya biseks\u00fceller
\n\u0130ntraven\u00f6z ( damar i\u00e7i ) ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131
\n\u00c7ok partnerli kad\u0131nlard\u0131r.
\nHepatit B a\u015f\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ,
\nHemodiyaliz hastalar\u0131,
\nBir \u00e7ok defa kan transf\u00fczyonu gereken ki\u015filer ve
\nYeni do\u011fanlarda hepatit B\u2019nin azalmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterlidir.<\/p>\n

Korunma :
\nHepatit B , kronik enfeksiyon sonras\u0131 uzun d\u00f6nemde yetmezlik ve karaci\u011fer kanseri olu\u015fma s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmakla sonu\u00e7lanan akut bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r.
\nBa\u011f\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015f kanlar\u0131n taranmas\u0131 , kan transf\u00fczyonundan sonra hepatit B geli\u015fme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kan verenlerin ilk taramalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve cinsel ya\u015famlar\u0131 ile ilgili anket doldurmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir ( bu ayn\u0131 zamanda AIDS ge\u00e7i\u015fine kars\u0131 korunmak i\u00e7inde gereklidir. ) Kan topland\u0131ktan sonra hepatit B\u2019nin transf\u00fczyon al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7medi\u011finden emin olmak i\u00e7in kanda birka\u00e7 serolojik test yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek risk grubundaki insanlar i\u00e7in hepatit B a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. Al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemi olarak , ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k durumu bilinmeyen ki\u015filerin kan \u00fcr\u00fcnleriyle temastan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. AIDS i\u00e7in de bu g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flanabilir .<\/p>\n

\u00d6nceden hepatit B ge\u00e7irmi\u015f veya hepatit B ile enfekte olup a\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerle cinsel temastan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her zaman g\u00fcvenli cinsel ili\u015fki al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 edinilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Prezervatifler s\u00fcrekli ve uygun bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 zaman hepatit B nin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir; hatta yok edebilirler. A\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015fsan\u0131z ve cinsel partnerinizin durumundan emin de\u011filseniz her zaman prezervatif kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Dikkat: Hepatit B pozitif anneden do\u011fmu\u015f bebeklere onlar\u0131 enfekte olmaktan koruyan \u00f6zel ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k dizileri uygulan\u0131r. Bunlar hepatit B imm\u00fcnoglob\u00fclin, do\u011fumdan hemen sonra hepatit a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ve birka\u00e7 hafta sonra hepatit a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n tekrar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Belirtiler<\/p>\n

sar\u0131l\u0131k
\nyorgunluk
\ni\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k
\nbulant\u0131-kusma
\ntat bozuklu\u011fu
\nkar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131
\nhaz\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k
\neklem a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131
\ndepresyon
\nk\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131k
\nhafif ate\u015f
\nyayg\u0131n ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131
\nsoluk veya kil renkli
\nkaraci\u011fer \u00fczerinde nokta duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ( hassasiyeti )
\nburun kanamas\u0131 belirtileri
\nTan\u0131\/Te\u015fhis<\/p>\n

Pozitif hepatit B y\u00fczey antijeni
\nPozitif hepatit B \u00e7ekirdek antijeni
\nY\u00fckselmi\u015f karaci\u011fer enzimleri
\nKaraci\u011fer biyopsisi
\nHastal\u0131k a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki test sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir :<\/p>\n

Vitamin B 12
\nRT3U ( resin T3 uptake ) ( kanda resin T3 al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc testtir)
\nPT ( serumda protrombin zaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc testtir. )
\nidrar porfirini
\nPBG ( porfobilinojen )
\nKaraci\u011fer sintigrafisi
\nserum l\u00f6sin aminopeptidaz
\nidrar l\u00f6sin aminopeptidaz
\nLDH izoenzimleri
\nLDH ( laktat dehidrogenaz )
\nserum demiri
\ngama glutamil tanspeptidaz
\ndelta-ALA ( delta- aminolev\u00fclinik asit )
\nkompleman komponenti 3
\nkan say\u0131m\u0131
\nidrar bilirubini
\nbilirubin
\nAST ( aspartat transaminaz )
\nALT ( alanin transaminaz )
\nalfa fetoprotein
\nALP ( alkalin fosfataz ) izoenzimiALP
\naldolaz aalb\u00fcmin
\n5\u2019n\u00fckleotidaz
\nTedavi<\/p>\n

Akut hepatitin spesifik tedavisi yoktur.
\nBelirtiler a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda akut faz boyunca istirahat \u00f6nerilebilir.
\nAkut hepatitli insanlar alkol ve di\u011fer karaci\u011fere zararl\u0131 olan maddelerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131rlar.
\nKronik hepatitli baz\u0131 insanlar alfa-interferon tedavisine yan\u0131t verebilirler<\/p>\n

Prognoz\/Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n gidi\u015fi<\/p>\n

Akut hastal\u0131k \u00e7o\u011funlukla iki-\u00fc\u00e7 haftada yat\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve karaci\u011fer on alt\u0131 hafta i\u00e7inde normale d\u00f6ner.
\nEnfekte insanlar\u0131n %10 unda kronik hepatit geli\u015febilir.
\nHepatit B\u2019li insanlarda karaci\u011fer kanseri g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 genel populasyondan daha y\u00fcksektir.
\nHepatit B , akut hepatit B vakalar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %1 inde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Komplikasyonlar\/Riskler<\/p>\n

Kronik hepatit
\nSiroz
\nKaraci\u011fer kanseri<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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